Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a common but serious mood disorder that significantly impacts daily functioning. According to the DSM-5, depression involves experiencing five or more specific symptoms during the same two-week period, representing a change from previous functioning. At least one symptom must be either depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure.

Symptoms

Depression affects how you think, feel, and function in daily life, impacting work, relationships, and physical health.

• Persistent sad, empty, or hopeless mood most of the day, nearly every day.

• Sadness, hopelessness, and loss of interest in activities once enjoyed.

• Markedly diminished interest or pleasure in activities previously enjoyed.

• Significant weight loss or gain, or changes in appetite. 

• Sleep disturbances (insomnia or excessive sleeping).  

• Physical agitation or slowing down that is noticeable to others. 

• Fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day. 

• Feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt. 

• Difficulty concentrating, thinking clearly, or making decisions. 

• Recurrent thoughts of death or suicide.

Treatment

Depression is not a sign of weakness or something you can simply "snap out of." It results from a complex interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors. Effective treatments are available, including psychotherapy (such as cognitive-behavioral therapy), medication, or a combination of both. With proper treatment, the majority of people with depression improve significantly.

DISCLAIMER

Note: These descriptions are for educational purposes. A proper diagnosis should only be made by a qualified mental health professional through a comprehensive evaluation. If you or someone you know is experiencing these symptoms, please seek professional help.